Science Trends

Biological process in which cells degrade and recycle their own components to maintain cellular homeostasis. This mechanism is crucial under stress conditions such as nutrient deprivation and involves the formation of autophagosomes that fuse with lysosomes to degrade and recycle cellular contents. Autophagy is significant for various physiological processes and is studied for its implications in diseases like cancer and neurodegenerative disorders.

A registered user of Reddit who submits content to the site, which is then organized into communities or subreddits and voted on by other members. Redditors contribute to the platform by posting, commenting, and voting on content, thereby shaping the visibility and popularity of posts within the community. The target demographic for Redditors is diverse, encompassing individuals of various ages, interests, and backgrounds who seek to engage in discussions, share information, and participate in online communities.

Soil rich in microorganisms, fungi, bacteria, and other organisms, contributing to its fertility and health. This type of soil supports robust plant growth and sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing nutrient cycling, soil structure, and disease suppression. Living Soil is particularly beneficial for farmers and gardeners seeking to improve crop yields and promote environmental sustainability.

Circulating free DNA (cfDNA) refers to DNA fragments released into the bloodstream from normal and diseased cells, including cancer cells. These fragments are found in biofluids and provide real-time information that can be used to detect and monitor biomarkers of various diseases, including cancer. cfDNA is particularly valuable for non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) and liquid biopsies for cancer detection and monitoring, benefiting individuals seeking less invasive diagnostic methods.

The Blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective permeability barrier that separates the circulating blood from the brain and extracellular fluid in the central nervous system (CNS). It is formed by brain endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, which restrict the passage of substances from the bloodstream, thereby protecting the brain from potentially harmful chemicals while allowing essential nutrients to pass through. The BBB is crucial for maintaining the brain's microenvironment and poses challenges for delivering therapeutic agents to treat neurological disorders.

Biotechnology company focused on interventional gerontology and the development of therapies for age-related diseases. The company leverages technology to understand the molecular basis of cellular immortality and regenerative biology, aiming to create innovative treatments that address the underlying causes of aging. AgeX Therapeutics primarily targets researchers, healthcare professionals, and patients seeking advanced solutions for age-related health issues.

An antiretroviral medication used to treat and prevent HIV/AIDS. It is often used in combination with other antiretroviral agents and works by inhibiting the action of reverse transcriptase, an enzyme crucial for the replication of HIV, thereby reducing the amount of HIV in the body and improving immune system function. Emtricitabine is primarily targeted at individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS and those at high risk of contracting the virus.

Naturally occurring polyamine compound found in ribosomes and living tissues, playing various metabolic roles within organisms. It is known for its involvement in cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation, and has gained attention for its potential health benefits, including promoting autophagy, the body's process of cleaning out damaged cells and regenerating newer, healthier cells. Spermidine is of particular interest to researchers and individuals focused on cellular health and longevity.

The Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer (RNFL) is a layer of the retina in the eye. It is crucial for transmitting visual information from the eye to the brain, and its thickness is often measured using Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) to assess and diagnose conditions such as glaucoma. This measurement is particularly important for ophthalmologists and optometrists in monitoring and managing eye health, especially in patients at risk for or diagnosed with glaucoma.

Hydrogen produced using renewable energy sources, such as wind, solar, or hydroelectric power, through a process called electrolysis. This method ensures that the electricity used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen comes from renewable sources, making it a clean and sustainable form of energy. Green hydrogen is particularly valuable for applications in transportation, industry, and energy storage, targeting sectors aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.

Psycholinguistic experimental technique where subjects repeat speech with a slight delay after hearing it. This method helps researchers understand the time required for the brain to process and produce speech, providing insights into cognitive and linguistic functions. Speech shadowing is primarily used in cognitive psychology and linguistics research to study language processing and auditory perception.

An enzyme produced by white blood cells, commonly used as a marker in urinalysis to detect the presence of white blood cells in the urine. This enzyme's presence can indicate a urinary tract infection (UTI) or other inflammatory conditions in the urinary tract, and it is detected using a dipstick test that changes color in the enzyme's presence. The test is particularly useful for healthcare providers diagnosing and managing urinary tract infections and related conditions.

A framework that describes limits to the impacts of human activities on the Earth system, defining a safe operating space for humanity. These boundaries are critical for maintaining the stability and resilience of the Earth system, and exceeding them could lead to significant and irreversible environmental changes. The concept includes nine specific boundaries, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and ocean acidification, which are essential for environmental sustainability.

Analytical devices that combine a biological component with a physicochemical detector to measure the presence or concentration of chemicals, biological molecules, or pathogens. Widely used in fields such as medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, and biotechnology, biosensors offer high specificity and sensitivity, rapid analysis, and potential for miniaturization. They are particularly beneficial for healthcare professionals, environmental scientists, and food safety inspectors seeking accurate and real-time analytical solutions.

Natural substance produced by bees, propolis is renowned for its antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, making it a valuable ingredient in skincare. It aids in treating acne, soothing irritated skin, promoting healing, maintaining moisture, and enhancing skin texture, distinguishing itself from other skincare ingredients with its multifaceted benefits. Propolis is particularly beneficial for individuals with acne-prone, sensitive, or aging skin seeking natural and effective skincare solutions.

Technology aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions by capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from sources like power plants and industrial processes, and then transporting it to a storage site where it is injected into underground geological formations for long-term storage. This process helps mitigate the impact of CO2 emissions on climate change and is considered crucial for achieving significant reductions in CO2 emissions, especially in sectors that are difficult to decarbonize through other means. The primary beneficiaries of this technology are industries with high CO2 emissions and policymakers focused on climate change mitigation.

Molecular machines, also known as nanomachines, are molecular components that produce quasi-mechanical movements in response to specific stimuli. These machines operate at the molecular scale and can perform tasks such as transporting molecules, catalyzing reactions, or assembling other molecules, with applications in fields like medicine and materials science. The primary beneficiaries of molecular machines are researchers and professionals in nanotechnology, biotechnology, and related scientific disciplines.

Useful work refers to the portion of work or energy that is effectively used to achieve a desired outcome, excluding any losses due to inefficiencies such as heat loss or friction. It represents the useful output of a system, whether it be mechanical, electrical, chemical, or otherwise, and is a key concept in understanding the efficiency of energy conversion processes. This concept is particularly relevant to engineers, scientists, and professionals involved in energy management and system optimization.

Materials used in the production, storage, and conversion of energy, essential for various applications such as batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. These materials include lithium, cobalt, nickel, silicon, platinum, and graphene, among others, each playing a critical role in enhancing the efficiency and sustainability of energy technologies. Energy materials are vital for industries focused on renewable energy, electric vehicles, and advanced energy storage solutions.

A spore-forming, lactic acid-producing bacterium used as a probiotic to support digestive health, boost the immune system, and improve symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders. Known for its resilience to heat and acidic environments, it effectively reaches the intestines, making it a reliable probiotic. Commonly found in dietary supplements and functional foods, it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA.

Quantum computers are advanced computing systems that leverage the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. Unlike classical computers, which use bits as the smallest unit of data, quantum computers use quantum bits or qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to superposition and can be entangled to enhance computational power. These properties enable quantum computers to solve certain complex problems more efficiently, making them valuable for fields such as cryptography, optimization, and complex system simulations.

A type of vaccine produced using recombinant DNA technology, where DNA encoding an antigen is inserted into cells to produce the antigen in large quantities. These vaccines are known for their safety and efficacy, as they do not contain live pathogens, reducing the risk of infection. Recombinant vaccines are particularly beneficial for individuals requiring immunization against diseases like Hepatitis B and Human Papillomavirus (HPV).

Cold exposure refers to the practice of subjecting the body to cold temperatures through methods such as cold showers, ice baths, or spending time in cold environments. This practice is believed to offer various health benefits, including improved circulation, enhanced immune function, and reduced inflammation, while also posing risks like hypothermia and frostbite. Cold exposure is often utilized by athletes for muscle recovery and by individuals seeking to boost mental resilience and overall well-being.

Technology platform that automates the complex and inefficient estate planning process. It streamlines execution complexity and manual workflows, reducing risk and expanding opportunities for use, differentiating itself by offering a more efficient and less error-prone solution compared to traditional methods. Luminary primarily targets legal professionals, financial advisors, and individuals seeking a more streamlined and reliable estate planning process.

The process by which a forest's structure, function, and biodiversity are diminished due to various factors, leading to a decline in its health and productivity. This degradation can result from natural causes such as climate change and fires, as well as human activities like deforestation, pollution, and unsustainable logging. Forest degradation primarily affects ecosystems, biodiversity, and communities that rely on forest resources for their livelihoods.

Medical test that measures the rate at which red blood cells settle at the bottom of a test tube over a specified period. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is used to detect inflammation in the body, as higher rates can indicate the presence of inflammatory conditions. This test is commonly utilized by healthcare providers to monitor and diagnose conditions such as infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancers.

An attitude or stance characterized by opposition to or disapproval of sex or sexuality. This can be expressed through personal beliefs, social movements, or ideologies that discourage or reject sexual activity and sexual attraction. The anti-sexual perspective is often adopted by individuals or groups who advocate for celibacy, asexuality, or moral objections to sexual behavior.

Luminance is a UK-based legal technology company that provides artificial intelligence solutions for contract analysis, negotiation, and eDiscovery. Its proprietary Legal-Grade™ AI platform, developed by experts from the University of Cambridge, utilizes a 'mixture of experts' approach to automate and enhance various aspects of legal document processing, distinguishing itself by its ability to understand documents conceptually and operate across multiple languages . Luminance primarily serves law firms and corporate legal departments seeking to improve efficiency and accuracy in legal workflows

Verifiable credentials are digital, tamper-evident, and cryptographically secure credentials used for identification purposes, such as digital IDs, birth certificates, and educational certificates. These credentials provide a secure and efficient way to verify personal information, reducing the risk of fraud and enhancing trust in digital transactions. Verifiable credentials are particularly beneficial for organizations and individuals requiring secure and reliable identity verification, such as educational institutions, employers, and government agencies.

A forest that consists of native tree species, which can be either primary or secondary. Primary native forests have never been clear-cut, while secondary native forests are those that are regenerating naturally. These forests are crucial for biodiversity and are often targeted for conservation efforts, benefiting environmentalists and ecologists.